Revisión sistemática con metaanálisis. Iodo povidona / Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Povidone Iodine

Introducción: La descontaminación preoperatoria de la piel es parte de la práctica quirúrgica estándar. La infección del sitio quirúrgico implica un gasto adicional a los sistemas de salud y un incremento en la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía. El iodo povidona es un desinfectante muy utilizado para eliminar la carga bacteriana cutánea. Objetivo: Constatar si el iodo povidona es mejor que otros desinfectantes cutáneos en la reducción de las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en Google Académico, PubMed y Embase utilizando los términos Mesh; iodo povidona, infección del sitio quirúrgico, cirugía, antisépticos locales, unidos por el operador booleano AND y los filtros Adultos, desde 2015, y ensayos clínicos controlados. Se aplicó la escala de Jadad para riesgo de sesgos y el Consort 2010 y la lista de chequeo PRISMA para determinar la calidad del estudio. El riesgo relativo fue la medida de efecto para un IC95 y un error de 0,05. Se incluyeron 8 ensayos clínicos controlados, n= 4800 casos, con la distribución de eventos en los grupos experimental 140/2402 y control 141/2398, para una diferencia no significativa p=0,444. La heterogeneidad fue I2=62,57 por ciento. Conclusiones: No existieron diferencias entre el iodo povidona y el resto de los desinfectantes para disminuir el porcentaje de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en este estudio(AU)

Introduction: Preoperative skin decontamination is part of standard surgical practice. Surgical site infection implies an additional cost to health systems and an increase in morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing surgery. Povidone iodine is a widely used disinfectant to eliminate the bacterial load on the skin. Objective: To verify if povidone iodine is better than other skin disinfectants in reducing surgical site infections. Methods: A search of articles and controlled clinical trials published since 2015 was carried out in Google Scholar, PubMed and Embase and using terms of the Mesh such as povidone iodine, surgical site infection, surgery, local antiseptics, joined by the Boolean operator AND in addition to Adult filters. The Jadad scale for risk of bias and Consort 2010 and PRISMA checklist were applied to determine the quality of the study. Relative risk was the measure of effect for CI95 and an error of 0.05. Eight controlled clinical trials were included, n= 4800 cases, with the distribution of events in the experimental groups 140/2402 and control 141/2398, for a non-significant difference p=0.444. Heterogeneity was I2=62.57 percent. Conclusions: There were no differences between povidone iodine and the rest of the disinfectants to reduce the percentage of surgical site infections in this study(AU)

Effects of topical azithromycin, moxifloxacin, and povidone iodine on conjunctival bacterial flora in patients undergoing intravitreal injection / Os efeitos da azitromicina tópica, moxifloxacina e iodopovidona na flora bacteriana conjuntival em injeções intravítreas

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare effects of 5% topical povidone iodine with prophylactic topical azithromycin and moxifloxacin on bacterial flora in patients undergoing intravitreal injection. Methods: A total of 132 patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with azithromycin or moxifloxacin, or no treatment (control group). In total, 528 specimens were obtained at the time of admission, 4 days before intravitreal injection, 4 days after intravitreal injection, and 8 days after intravitreal injection. Samples were immediately sent to the microbiology laboratory for incubation. Results: The microorganism observed most frequently was coagulasenegative Staphylococcus (23.8%). When the results of samples obtained on Day 4 before injection were assessed, growth of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was significantly lower in the moxifloxacin group, compared with controls (p=0.049). Acinetobacter baumannii continued to grow after administration of azithromycin (p=0.033). When the results of four days after intravitreal injection were evaluated, growth of coagulase-ne gative Staphylococcus was higher in controls, compared with patients who received azithromycin or moxifloxacin (p=0.004). Eradication rate was significantly higher in the moxifloxacin group than in the control group (p=0.001). Samples obtained on Day 8 after intravitreal injection showed similar levels of bacterial growth in all groups (p=0.217). Conclusion: Moxifloxacin was more effective than 5% povidone iodine in controlling the growth of conjunctival bacterial flora. Use of moxifloxacin in combination with 5% povidone iodine resulted in a synergistic effect.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos de iodopovidona tópico a 5% com azitromicina e moxifloxacina profiláticas sobre a flora bacteriana em pacientes submetidos à injeção intravítrea. Métodos: Um total de 132 pacientes foram aleatoriamente designados para receber tratamento com azitromicina ou moxifloxacina ou nenhum tratamento (grupo controle). No total, 528 amostras foram obtidas no momento na admissão, 4 dias antes da injeção intravítrea, 4 dias após a injeção intravítrea e 8 dias após a injeção intravítrea. As amostras foram imediatamente enviadas para o laboratório de microbiologia para incubação. Resultados: O microorganismo mais frequentemente observado foi o Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo (23,8%). Quando os resultados das amostras obtidas no dia 4 antes da injeção foram avaliados, o crescimento do Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo foi significativamente menor no grupo mo xifloxacina, em comparação com os controles (p=0,049). Acinetobacter baumannii continuou a crescer após a administração de azitromicina (p=0,033). Quando os resultados de 4 dias após a injeção intravítrea foram avaliados, o crescimento do Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo foi maior no controle, em comparação com pacientes que receberam azitromicina ou moxifloxacina (p=0,004). A taxa de erradicação também foi significativamente maior no grupo moxifloxacina do que no grupo controle (p=0,001). As amostras obtidas no dia 8 após injeção intravítrea mostraram níveis semelhantes de crescimento bacteriano em todos os grupos (p=0,217). Conclusão: A moxifloxacina foi mais eficaz do que 5% de iodopovidona no controle do crescimento da flora bacteriana conjuntival. O uso de moxifloxacina em combinação com 5% de iodopovidona resultou em um efeito sinérgico.

Comparison of the recovery rate of otomycosis using betadine and clotrimazole topical treatment / Comparação da taxa de recuperação de otomicose com o uso de tratamento tópico com betadina e clotrimazol

Abstract Introduction Otomycosis is a common diseases that can be associated with many complications including involvement of the inner ear and mortality in rare cases. Management of otomycosis can be challenging, and requires a close follow-up. Treatment options for otomycosis include local debridement, local and systemic antifungal agents and utilization of topical antiseptics. Objective This study was designed to compare the recovery rate of otomycosis using two therapeutic methods; topical betadine (Povidone-iodine) and clotrimazole. Methods In this single-blind clinical trial, 204 patients with otomycosis were selected using a non-probability convenient sampling method and were randomly assigned to two treatment groups of topical betadine and clotrimazole (102 patients in each group). Response to treatment was assessed at 4, 10 and 20 days after treatment. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, Chi-Square and Fisher exact test in SPSS v.18 software, at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results The results showed that out of 204 patients with otomycosis, fungi type isolated included Aspergillus in 151 cases (74%), and Candida albicans in 53 patients (26%). On the fourth day after treatment, 13 patients (13.1%) in the group treated with betadine and 10 patients (9.8%) in the group treated with clotrimazole showed a good clinical response to treatment (p = 0.75). A good response to treatment was reported for 44 (43.1%) and 47 patients (46.1%) on the tenth day after the treatment (p = 0.85); and 70 (68.6%) and 68 patients (67.6%) on the twentieth day after treatment (p = 0.46) in the groups treated with betadine and clotrimazole, respectively. The response to treatment was thus not significantly different in the two groups. Conclusion In the present study the efficacy of betadine and clotrimazole was the same for the treatment of otomycosis. The result of this study supports the use of betadine as an effective antifungal in otomycosis treatment, helping to avoid the emergence of resistant organisms.

Resumo Introdução A otomicose é uma das doenças comuns associadas a muitas complicações, como envolvimento da orelha interna e mortalidade em casos raros. O tratamento da otomicose pode ser realmente desafiador e requer um acompanhamento rigoroso. As opções de tratamento para otomicose podem incluir desbridamento local, agentes antifúngicos locais e sistêmicos e uso de antissépticos tópicos, os medicamentos tópicos recomendados para o tratamento da otomicose. Objetivo Comparar a taxa de recuperação de otomicose utilizando dois métodos terapêuticos de betadina tópica (povidona-iodo) e clotrimazol. Método Neste ensaio clínico simples cego, 204 pacientes com otomicose foram selecionados utilizando-se método de amostragem de não probabilidade conveniente e randomizados para dois grupos de tratamento, com betadina tópica e com clotrimazol (102 pacientes em cada grupo). A resposta ao tratamento foi avaliada aos 4, 10 e 20 dias após o tratamento. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o teste t independente, qui-quadrado e teste de Fisher no software SPSS v.18, com nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados Os resultados mostraram que dos 204 pacientes com otomicose, os tipos de fungos isolados incluíram Aspergillus em 151 casos (74%) e Candida albicans em 53 pacientes (26%). No quarto dia após o tratamento, 13 pacientes (13,1%) no grupo tratado com betadina e 10 pacientes (9,8%) no grupo tratado com clotrimazol apresentaram boa resposta ao tratamento (p = 0,75). Uma boa resposta ao tratamento foi relatada para 44 (43,1%) e 47 pacientes (46,1%) no décimo dia após o tratamento (p = 0,85); e 70 (68,6%) e 68 pacientes (67,6%) no vigésimo dia após o tratamento (p = 0,46) no grupo tratado com betadina e clotrimazol, respectivamente. Assim, a resposta ao tratamento não foi significativamente diferente nos dois grupos. Conclusão No presente estudo, a eficácia da betadina e do clotrimazol foi a mesma no tratamento da otomicose. O resultado deste estudo apoia o uso de betadina como um antifúngico eficaz no tratamento da otomicose que pode ajudar a evitar o surgimento de organismos resistentes.

Administración oral accidental de povidona yodada a un neonato: a propósito de un caso / Accidental oral administration of povidone iodine in a newborn: Case report

Las soluciones yodadas se utilizan ampliamente como antiséptico para el tratamiento y la prevención de infecciones en las heridas. La povidona yodada, una de las soluciones yodadas de aplicación tópica que más se encuentra en los botiquines de emergencia, podría producir anomalías graves, como disfunción tiroidea. La intoxicación por povidona yodada es poco frecuente; entre los efectos notificados previamente se incluyen complicaciones del uso tópico durante procedimientos quirúrgicos. Se describe el caso de un neonato que recibió povidona yodada por vía oral accidentalmente, sin signos ni síntomas de toxicidad después de la ingesta.

Iodine solutions are widely used as antiseptic for treating and preventing wound infections. Povidone iodine, one of the most common topical iodine solutions in emergency kits, can lead to several abnormalities as thyroid dysfunction. Povidone iodine poisoning is unusual and previously reported effects are mainly complications of topical usage during surgical procedures. Here we present the case of a newborn that was accidentally given oral povidone iodine, showing no signs or symptoms of toxicity after ingestion.

The family's role as a support network for people living with HIV/AIDS: a review of Brazilian research into the theme / A família como rede de apoio às pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS: uma revisão na literatura brasileira

The study of HIV transmission and the implementation of AIDS prevention actions recognize the importance of social networks in the transmission of the disease, the adherence to treatment and the quality of life of those infected. For this relevance there was a review of articles on social support networks to people living with HIV /AIDS available in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) were published in Brazil between 2002 and 2012. In this study 31 articles were used from journals covering the following áreas: Nursing (n = 15), Psychology (n = 6) and Science Health / Biomedica (n = 6), were included, which some principal authors were affiliated to higher education public institutions (n = 17). In relation to the methodology used, priority wasgiven to conducting: qualitative research (n = 18), cross-sectional studies (n = 19) and studies that involved talking to people living with HIV/AIDS (n = 13). Particular importance was placed on analytic categories related to: adherence to treatment (n = 6), the family (n = 4), vulnerability (n = 3) and support from social networks (n = 5). Within this paper we argue for more investments into studies that focus on the family, carers and their households, as well as deepening the theoretical study of the themes discussed and the use of developed theories for the analysis of Social Networks.

O estudo da transmissão do HIV e a implementação de ações de prevenção da AIDS reconhece a importância das redes sociais na contaminação, adesão ao tratamento e qualidade de vida das pessoas infectadas. Por tal relevância, realizou-se uma revisão de artigos sobre redes sociais de apoio às pessoas que vivem com HIV/ AIDS, disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e publicados no Brasil no período de 2002 a 2012. Encontraram-se 31 artigos em revistas de Enfermagem (n = 15), Psicologia (n = 6) e Ciências da Saúde/Biomédicas (n = 6), produzidos por primeiros autores associados a Instituições de Ensino Superior públicas (n = 17). Quanto à metodologia, priorizou-se o método qualitativo (n = 18), estudos transversais (n = 19) e a participação exclusiva de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS (n = 13). Houve predomínio de categorias analíticas relacionadas à adesão ao tratamento (n = 6), família (n = 4), vulnerabilidade (n = 3) e apoio/suporte social/ rede de apoio (n = 5). Discute-se a necessidade de investimento em estudos que privilegiem familiares e cuidadores como participantes e seus domicílios como lócus de investigação, bem como maior aprofundamento teórico nos estudos das temáticas abordadas e utilização de teorias desenvolvidas para análise de Redes Sociais.

Incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico com o preparo pré-operatório utilizando iodopolividona 10% hidroalcoólica e clorexidina alcoólica 0,5% / Incidence of surgical site infection with pre-operative skin preparation using 10% polyvidone-iodine and 0.5% chlorhexidine-alcohol

OBJETIVO: analisar a incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico, quando o preparo pré-operatório da pele foi realizado com iodopolividona 10% em solução hidroalcoólica e clorexidina 0,5% alcoólica, MÉTODOS: estudo longitudinal randomizado, a partir de variáveis obtidas de pacientes submetidos à operações limpas e potencialmente contaminadas. Os envolvidos foram alocados em dois grupos. No grupo 1 (G1) participaram 102 pacientes com pele preparada com iodopolividona e do grupo 2 (G2) 103 que utilizaram clorexidina. No terceiro, sétimo e 30º dia de pós-operatório avaliou-se o sítio cirúrgico, buscando-se sinais de infecção. RESULTADOS: os dados relacionados ao perfil clínico como: diabete melito, tabagismo, alcoolismo, dados hematológicos (Hb, VG e leucócitos), idade e sexo, e as variáveis relativas como: número de dias de internamento pré-operatório, tricotomia, topografia da incisão, antibioticoprofilaxia e a participação de residentes na operação, não foram evidenciadas como fatores predisponentes a infecção do sítio cirúrgico. Dois pacientes do G1 e oito do G2 submetidos à operações limpas apresentaram algum tipo de infecção (p=0,1789), cinco do G1 e três do G2 submetidos à operações potencialmente contaminadas apresentaram algum tipo de infecção (p=0,7205). CONCLUSÃO: a incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico em operações classificadas como limpas e potencialmente contaminadas, cujo preparo da pele foi feito com iodopolividona 10% em solução hidroalcoólica e clorexidina alcoólica 0,5%, foi semelhante.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of surgical site infection when the preoperative skin preparation was performed with 10% povidone-iodine and 0.5% chlorhexidine-alcohol. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, longitudinal study based on variables obtained from patients undergoing clean and potentially contaminated operations. Those involved were divided into two groups. In group 1 (G1) we included 102 patients with skin prepared with povidone-iodine, and in group 2 (G2), 103, whose skin was prepared with chlorhexidine. In the third, seventh and 30th postoperative days we evaluated the surgical site, searching for signs of infection. RESULTS: Data related to clinical profile, such as diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcoholism, haematological data (Hb, VG and leukocytes), age and gender, and the related variables, such as number of days of preoperative hospitalization, shaving, topography of incision, antibiotic prophylaxis and resident participation in the operation were not predisposing factors for surgical site infection. Two patients in G1 and eight in G2 undergoing clean operations had some type of infection (p = 0.1789), five in G1 and three in G2 undergoing potentially contaminated operations had some type of infection (p = 0.7205). CONCLUSION: The incidence of surgical site infection in operations classified as clean and as potentially contaminated for which skin preparation was done with 10% povidone-iodine and 0.5% chlorhexidine-alcohol was similar.

Clinical Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Ornidazole 1% and Povidone Iodine 5% Fixed Dose Combination Ointment with Povidone Iodine 5% Formulation and Ornidazole 1% Formulation for Prevention or Treatment of Surgical Wounds.

Aim: This trial is undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this FDC ointment for post-surgical patient management. This multi-centre, prospective, randomized, comparative, open-labeled, three-arm parallel group study involving 180 patients was conducted in patients with surgical wound. The trial was conducted at 2 centres and had 90 patients completed at each center. Methods: Patients were in randomized in three groups, to receive either the study formulation of Ornidazole 1% - Povidone iodine 5% FDC ointment (Group I ) or Povidone iodine 5% Ointment (Group II) or Ornidazole 1% Ointment (Group III). These ointments were applied for post surgical wound care. Dressing was done twice daily till the discharge of patients (Day 5-7). Patients were asked to use respective ointment for wound dressings after discharge. The patients were assessed for clinical wound improvement by using the Bates Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWATS). General and systemic examination was done at every visit of the patient. Results: Reduction in wound size was significant in all three groups from day 1 onwards. In group I exudates amount improved significantly from day 5 as compared to day 3, in Group II and Group III the improvement was from Day 8 onwards as compared to day 5. Peripheral tissue edema and Peripheral Tissue Induration improved in Group I and as compared to baseline. Epithelialization was statistically better in Group I and Group II from day 1 compared to baseline and in Group III it improved from day 5. No adverse event were seen in any of the groups. Conclusion: We concluded that the combination was better as compared to each individual drug in prevention of wound infection and promoting wound healing.

Effectiveness and safety of iodopovidone in an experimental pleurodesis model

OBJECTIVES: Chemical pleurodesis is an important therapeutic tool to control recurrent malignant pleural effusion. Among the various sclerosing agents, iodopovidone is considered effective and safe. However, in a recent study, ocular changes were described after iodopovidone was used in recurrent pneumothorax. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and morbidity of iodopovidone pleurodesis in an experimental model. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were submitted to intrapleural injection of iodopovidone at concentrations of 2%, 4% and 10%. Biochemical (lactic dehydrogenase, proteins, triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, urea and creatinine) and immunological (Interleukin-8 [IL-8], VEGF and TGFβ) parameters were measured in the pleural fluid and blood. After 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days, groups of animals were euthanized, and macro- (pleura) and microscopic (pleura and retina) analyses were performed. RESULTS: An early pleural inflammatory response with low systemic repercussion was observed without corresponding changes in thyroid or renal function. The higher concentrations (4% and 10%) correlated with greater initial exudation, and maximum pleural thickening was observed after 28 days. No changes were observed in the retinal pigment epithelium of the rabbits. CONCLUSION: Iodopovidone is considered to be an effective and safe sclerosing agent in this animal model. However, its efficacy, tolerance and safety in humans should be further evaluated. .

Effectiveness of 10% povidone-iodine drying time before Peripheral Intravascular Catheter insertion: preliminary results from an explorative quasi-experimental study / Eficácia de iodopovidona a 10% de acordo com tempo de secagem antes da inserção do cateter intravenoso periférico: resultados preliminares de um estudo exploratório quasi-experimental / Eficacia del tiempo de secado de la yodopovidona al 10% antes de la inserción de catéter venoso periférico: resultados preliminares de un estudio exploratorio casi-experimental

AIM: to investigate the effectiveness of 10% povidone-iodine after a 30-second or 2-minute drying time on microbial count reduction at the point of a Peripheral Intravascular Catheter (PIC) insertion. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. In total, 53 patients were enrolled, 25 were exposed to a 2-m drying time and 28 to a 30-s drying time. From the preliminary results of this study, no differences in the occurrence of contamination have emerged between patients receiving 30-s and 2-m drying time for 10% povidone-iodine solutions.

OBJETIVO: investigar a eficácia da solução iodopovidona a 10% sobre a redução da contagem microbiana no ponto de inserção do Cateter Venoso Periférico após tempo de secagem de 30s ou 2 min. MÉTODO: desenho quase-experimental. Foram incluídos 53 pacientes no estudo: 25 foram expostos a 2min de secagem e 28 foram expostos a 30s de secagem. RESULTADOS: Os resultados preliminares não apresentaram diferenças na ocorrência de contaminação entre os pacientes que foram submetidos a 30s ou 2min de secagem após desinfecção com solução de iodopovidona a 10%.

OBJETIVO: para investigar la eficacia de una solución yodopovidona al 10% tras tiempo de secado de 30 segundos o 2 minutos en la reducción del contaje microbiano en el local de inserción del Catéter Venoso Periférico, fue adoptado un diseño casi-experimental. Al total, fueron incluidos 53 pacientes, 25 expuestos a 2 min. de secado y 28 a 30 segundos. Con base en los resultados preliminares, no se encontraron diferencias en la ocurrencia de contaminaciones entre pacientes sometidos a un tiempo de secado de 30 s. o de 2 min tras desinfección con solución de yodopovidona al 10%.

Efficacy & safety of iodopovidone pleurodesis: a systematic review & meta-analysis.

Background & objectives: Chemical pleurodesis is an accepted therapy for patients with recurrent pleural effusions and pneumothorax. Iodopovidone has been shown to be safe and effective for chemical pleurodesis in several studies. The aim of this systematic review was to update a previously reported meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of iodopovidone pleurodesis. Methods: Two databases MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for a period (1952-2010), and studies that have reported success rates with iodopovidone pleurodesis were selected. The proportions with 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the outcomes in the individual studies and the results were pooled using a random effects model. Results: Thirteen eligible studies with 499 patients were included in the mata-analysis. The success rates varied from 70 to 100 per cent in different studies with the pooled success rate being 88.7 per cent (95% CI, 84.1 to 92.1). The success rate was not affected by the method (tube thoracostomy vs. thoracoscopy, 89.6 vs. 94.2%) or the indication of pleurodesis (pleural effusion vs. pneumothorax, 89.2 vs. 94.9%). The only significant complication reported was chest pain of varying degree. Systemic hypotension was reported in six patients across the studies. There were no deaths associated with iodopovidone pleurodesis. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were found. Interpretation & conclusions: Iodopovidone may be considered a safe and effective agent for chemical pleurodesis in patients with pleural effusions and recurrent pneumothoraces.

Povidone-iodine versus bleomycin pleurodesis for malignant effusion in bronchogenic cancer guided by thoracic echography

This study was designed to compare effectiveness of intra-pleural instillation of bleomycin with instillation of povidone-iodine for control of malignant pleural effusion among patients with non-small cell lung cancer, guided by results of thoracic echography. Fifty one patients had the possibility of full lung expansion. Drainage of the effusion was followed by instillation of bleomycin or povidone- iodine through the thoracostomy tube. Four weeks after discharge, thoracic echography was performed and repeated 4 weeks later. Follow-up ranged between 4-32 months [mean: 21 + 3.5 months]. We received 79 patients with malignant pleural effusion as stage IV non-small cell lung cancer during the last four years. Seventeen patients had centrally-located tumors with persistent lung atelectasis. lntra-pleural injection of streptokinase to breakdown intra-pleural fibrinous adhesions, was carried out in 9 cases; and was successful in 6 cases 66% [6/9]. Finally, 54 patients had an evidence of possible lung expansion but three died before pleurodesis. Thus, 51 patients received intrapleural instillation of bleomycin or povidone-iodine in a randomized prospective comparative study. Among bleomycin group [no.=26]. echography showed excellent pleurodesis [no.= 21], effective pleurodesis [no.= 2] with one or two areas of free mobility and one area of fluid component, weak pleurodesis [no.= 3] with three areas of free lung movement [lung sliding sign] and areas of fluid component. Among povidone-iodine group [no.=25] excellent pleurodesis [no.=20], effective [no.=2] and weak pleurodesis.[no.=3]. The six cases with weak pleurodesis in both groups were those who had streptokinase before pleurodesis. Complications and hospital stay were comparable for both groups. Chest x-ray proved recurrence of effusion in the six cases with weak pleurodesis after symptom-free intervals that varied between 4 and 6 weeks among these 6 patients. Both bleomycin and povidone-iodine produced comparable excellent and effective pleurodesis among patients with malignant pleural effusion. The cost is much lower with povidone-iodine.

Efficacy of various spray disinfectants on irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials: An in vitro study.

Background: Most of the materials (casts, impressions, etc.) that are sent to the dental laboratories show the presence of numerous pathogenic microorganisms. All the spray disinfectants are not equally effective against these microorganisms. Aims and Objectives: The aim was to compare the effectiveness of different spray disinfectants on irreversible hydrocolloid impressions and to find out the most effective dilution, contact time, and effect against each microorganism studied. Materials and Methods: The effects of four spray disinfectants, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 0.525% sodium hypochlorite, 1:213 (1 part in 213 parts of water) povidone iodine, and 2% glutaraldehyde along with control (distilled water) on irreversible hydrocolloid impressions contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus viridans were studied. Results: Sodium hypochlorite, 5.25%, showed 1-min exposure time which was able to effect a 4log10 reduction in bacterial counts against S. aureus and S. viridans followed by 0.525% sodium hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 min. None were able to effect a 4 log10 reduction against B. subtilis. Conclusion: Sodium hypochlorite with a concentration of 5.25% was the most effective disinfectant and required the shortest contact time (1 min). Not all ADA-approved concentrations of surface disinfectants work equally well on irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials.

Non-surgical instrumentation associated with povidone-iodine in the treatment of interproximal furcation involvements

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of topically applied povidone-iodine (PVP-I) used as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment of interproximal class II furcation involvements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients presenting at least one interproximal class II furcation involvement that bled on probing with probing pocket depth (PPD) >5 mm were recruited. Patients were randomly chosen to receive either subgingival instrumentation with an ultrasonic device using PVP-I (10 percent) as the cooling liquid (test group) or identical treatment using distilled water as the cooling liquid (control group). The following clinical outcomes were evaluated: visible plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), position of the gingival margin, relative attachment level (RAL), PPD and relative horizontal attachment level (RHAL). BAPNA (N-benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide) testing was used to analyze trypsin-like activity in dental biofilm. All parameters were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3 and 6 months after non-surgical subgingival instrumentation. RESULTS: Six months after treatment, both groups had similar means of PPD reduction, RAL and RHAL gain (p>0.05). These variables were, respectively, 2.20±1.10 mm, 1.27±1.02 mm and 1.33±0.85 mm in the control group and 2.67±1.21 mm, 1.50±1.09 mm and 1.56±0.93 mm in the test group. No difference was observed between groups at none of the posttreatment periods, regarding the number of sites showing clinical attachment gain >2 mm. However, at 6 months posttreatment, the test group presented fewer sites with PPD >5 mm than the control group. Also at 6 months the test group had lower BAPNA values than control group. CONCLUSION: The use of PVP-I as an adjunct in the non-surgical treatment of interproximal class II furcation involvements provided limited additional clinical benefits.

A prospective study demonstrating the effect of 5 percent povidone-iodine application for anterior segment intraocular surgery in Paraguay / Estudio prospectivo demostrando el efecto de la instilación de yodo povidona al 5 por ciento previo a cirugía de segmento anterior en Paraguay

PURPOSE: To determine the conjunctival bacterial flora in cataract surgery patients and the effect of presurgical irrigation with 5 percent povidone-iodine solution. METHODS: Three samples from the inferior conjunctival fornix of the eye to be operated were obtained at baseline before washing (T0) with 10 ml 5 percent povidone-iodine solution, immediately after washing (T1), and upon completion of surgery (T2). Bacteria from the samples were inoculated in blood agar, chocolate agar, and thioglycolate broth. RESULTS: A total of 221 patients (n=224 eyes) with a mean age of 67 ± 13 years were included in the study. Bacteria from the (T0) samples were successfully grown in 73.2 percent of the thioglycolate agars, 21.0 percent of the blood agars, and 19.2 percent of the chocolate agars. Compared with T1 samples, the use of povidone-iodine wash translated into a 60.8 percent reduction (from 73.2 percent to 12.5 percent) in colonization of the conjunctiva (p<0.001), while no significant difference was found between the T1 and T2 samples. Conclusion: Conjunctival irrigation with a 5 percent povidone-iodine solution effectively reduces conjunctival flora and is therefore strongly recommended as a means of preventing postsurgical endophthalmitis following cataract surgery.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la flora bacteriana de la conjuntiva en los pacientes a ser sometidos a cirugía de catarata y el efecto del lavado prequirúrgico con yodo povidona al 5 por ciento sobre dichos microorganismos. MÉTODOS: Se tomaron 3 muestras del fondo de saco conjuntival del ojo a ser operado de catarata antes (T0) de la irrigación de la conjuntiva con 10 ml de yodo povidona al 5 por ciento, como control, inmediatamente después (T1) y al término de la cirugía (T2). Se realizaron cultivos en agar sangre, agar chocolate y en caldo de tioglicolato. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron en el estudio 221 pacientes (n=24 ojos) con un promedio de edad de 67 ± 13 años. El porcentaje de crecimiento bacteriano en (T0) fue de 73,2 por ciento en tioglicolato, 21 por ciento en agar sangre y 19,2 por ciento en agar chocolate. Al compararlo con (T1) el efecto de la yodo povidona se tradujo en una reducción del 60,8 por ciento (de 73,2 por ciento a 12,5 por ciento) en la colonización conjuntival (p<0.001). Entre las muestras de los tiempos T1 y T2 no hubo diferencia significativa en cuanto al crecimiento bacteriano. CONCLUSIÓN: El lavado conjuntival con yodo povidona al 5 por ciento reduce de forma efectiva la flora conjuntival por lo cual se recomienda fuertemente como método preoperatorio, como una de las medidas preventivas de la endoftalmitis posquirúrgica en cirugías de catarata.

Congenital chylothorax - Successful management with chemical pleurodesis.

Congenital Chylothorax is a rare entity which is characterized by abnormal accumulation of chyle in pleural cavity. Chylothorax presenting as non-immune hydrops is even rarer. We report a case of congenital bilateral chylothorax presenting as non immune hydrops and managed successfully with chemical pleurodesis. A term male baby presented at birth with bilateral pleural effusions and subcutaneous edema. It was initially managed with ventilation and intercostals drainage (ICD). After the initiation of feeds, re-accumulation of pleural fluid led to the diagnosis of congenital chylothorax. Management with ICD and octreotide was unsuccessful but responded to chemical pleurodesis with 4% povidine iodine done on 3 separate occasions.

Effect of topical 0.5 percent povidone-iodine compared to 5 percent natamycin in fungal keratitis caused by Fusarium solani in a rabbit model: a pilot study / Efeito tópico de iodo-povidona 0, 5 por cento comparado com natamicina 5 por cento em ceratites fúngicas causadas por Fusarium solani em um modelo animal de coelhos: estudo piloto

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of topical administration of 0.5 percent povidone-iodine in experimental Fusarium solani keratitis in rabbits. METHODS: Fungal keratitis caused by Fusarium solani was induced in the right eye of 24 New Zealand rabbits. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 different treatment groups: Group I (povidone-iodine) - treated with topical 0.5 percent povidone-iodine; Group II (natamycin) - treated with topical 5 percent natamycin; and Group III (control) - treated with topical saline solution. In all groups the rabbits were treated for three days and then sacrificed. The corneas were excised, macerated and immersed in 10 mL BHI. Culture samples were plated daily on Sabouraud's agar for 7 days, and the number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted. The rabbits were clinically evaluated during the treatment period. RESULTS: The povidone-iodine and natamycin groups demonstrated better efficacy than the control group based on the number of rabbits with no colonies growing. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the three groups when the number of CFU was analyzed (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates important methodological considerations in the use of in vivo animal models for the testing of antifungal agents. Using this sample size and methodology of counting CFU, topical 0.5 percent povidone-iodine demonstrated no benefit in the treatment of experimental Fusarium solani when compared with topical 5 percent natamycin.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia do uso tópico de iodo-povidona 0,5 por cento em ceratite experimental por Fusarium solani em coelhos. MÉTODOS: Ceratite fúngica por Fusarium solani foi induzida no olho direito de 24 coelhos da raça New Zealand. Os coelhos foram divididos aleatoriamente em 3 diferentes grupos de tratamento: Grupo I (iodo-povidona) - tratados com iodo-povidona 0,5 por cento; Grupo II (natamicina) - tratados com natamicina 5 por cento; Grupo III (controle) - tratados com solução salina. Os coelhos dos 3 grupos foram tratados por 3 dias e sacrificados em seguida. As córneas foram removidas cirurgicamente, maceradas e incubadas em meio BHI. Semeou-se culturas em placas de ágar Sabouraud, diariamente, durante 7 dias, e contou-se o número de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC). Os coelhos foram avaliados clinicamente durante o período de tratamento. RESULTADOS: Os grupos iodo-povidona e natamicina demonstraram melhor eficácia do que o grupo controle considerando-se o número de coelhos nos quais não houve crescimento de colônias. Entretanto, não houve diferença estatística significante entre os 3 grupos quando se analizou o número de UFC (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo demonstrou considerações metodológicas importantes na utilização de modelos animais para o teste de agentes antifúngicos. Usando a metodologia de contar UFC e com este tamanho amostral, administração tópica de iodo-povidona 0,5 por cento não demonstrou benefício do tratamento de ceratite fúngica experimental causada por Fusarium solani quando comparado com a administração tópica de natamicina 5 por cento.

Fluoroscopy guided instillation therapy in chyluria using combination of povidone iodine with contrast agent: is a single instillation sufficient?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single instillation in a combination of povidone iodine with contrast agent under fluoroscopy guidance for the treatment of chyluria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From December 1999 to July 2006 a total of 40 patients with chyluria were treated by renal pelvic instillation therapy (RPIS). The sclerosing solution was prepared using povidone iodine with contrast agent diluted with sterile water in a ratio of 1:1:3. It was instilled on the side having chylous efflux using a bulb tip ureteric catheter. Unilateral instillation was done in 26 cases, 10 on the right side and 16 on left. Fourteen patients had bilateral chylous efflux and RPIS was performed on both sides in the same session. Fluoroscopy was used to evaluate the complete filling of the pelvic calyceal system. The sclerosing solution was kept in the system for 5 minutes and the ureteric catheter was then withdrawn. RESULTS: Immediate clearance was observed in 39 patients. Recurrence occurred in five patients. They were treated again using the same procedure with satisfactory results. The longest follow-up was five years and the shortest five months. CONCLUSION: RPIS of chyluria using a single instillation a combination of povidone iodine with contrast agent is safe and effective. Use of fluoroscopy helps to determine the exact amount of sclerosing solution required to completely fill the system and therefore overfilling is avoided. Moreover, the complications, which arise due to pyelointerstitial backflow, are prevented.

Preoperative vaginal preparations for abdominal hysterectomy for the prevention of febrile morbidity: savlon douching vs povidone-iodine painting.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness between savlon solution was douching and povidone-iodine solution painting for reducing febrile morbidity after total abdominal hysterectomy. Study design: Clinical trial. MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred and fifty patients at Srinagarind Hospital were scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). All subjects were non-randomly allocated to receive either savlon (1:1000 solutions) douching or povidone-iodine (1% solution) painting as pre-operative vaginal preparations. They also received Cefazolin 1 gm. intravenously before the operation. The principal outcome of the study was febrile morbidity. RESULTS: The overall rate of febrile morbidity was 21 percent. The incidence of febrile morbidity in the savlon vs. povidone-iodine groups was 16 (12/75) and 25 (19/75) percent, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p-value = 0.16). The odds ratio was 1.78 (95%CI 0.79 to 3.99) and adjusted odds ratio was 2.09(95%CI 0.86 to 5.10) CONCLUSION: The effectiveness between savlon solution douching and povidone-iodine solution painting in conjunction with a prophylactic antibiotic before TAH for reducing febrile morbidity was not significant different.

Efeito do uso de povidine-iodine na cicatrização de anastomoses de cólon direito de ratos / Efficacy of the povidine-iodine irrigation in healing of colonic anastomosis in rats

RACIONAL: Dados da literatura sugerem que, possivelmente, a lavagem intraluminar de segmentos do tubo digestivo com povidona-iodine antes da execução de uma anastomose poderia favorecer a cicatrização dessas anastomoses e prevenir a formação de aderências perianastomóticas, podendo ser útil se empregada em pacientes submetidos cirurgias do trato digestivo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da lavagem das bordas entéricas com povidona-iodine a 5 por cento sobre a cicatrização do cólon direito de ratos. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Estudaram-se 20 ratos Wistar divididos nos seguintes grupos: A (n = 10), limpeza das bordas da ferida colônica com solução salina a 0,9 por cento; B (n = 10), limpeza das bordas da ferida colônica com solução de povidona-iodine a 5 por cento. Os animais foram submetidos a laparotomia, secção de 75 por cento da circunferência do cólon, preservando 25 por cento da borda mesentérica e tratamento das bordas a serem anastomosadas segundo o grupo descrito acima. Após a realização das anastomoses, os animais foram observados durante 7 dias e, no 7º dia pós-operatório, mortos. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para dosagem da albumina sérica e feita análise macroscópica das anastomoses, observando-se presença de fístula, aderências e dilatação acima da anastomose. O segmento contendo a anastomose colônica foi retirado com 3 cm de cólon intacto em torno da anastomose e feita medida da pressão de ruptura. RESULTADOS: Não se observou presença de fístula em nenhum animal dos grupos estudados. Não houve diferença significativa em relação à presença de estenose da anastomose, aderências ou no valor da pressão de ruptura quando comparados os dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O emprego da povidona-iodine não resultou em aumento da resistência tênsil das anastomoses do cólon direito de ratos.